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The term information system (IS) sometimes refers to a system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization's manual and automated processes. Computer-based information systems are the field of study for information technology, elements of which are sometimes called an "information system" as well, a usage some consider to be incorrect.

Overview

The term "information system" has different meanings:

• In computer security, an information system is described by three objects (Aceituno, 2004):
  • Structure:
    • Repositories, which hold data permanently or temporarily, such as buffers, RAM, hard disks, cache, etc.
    • Interfaces, which exchange information with the non-digital world, such as keyboards, speakers, scanners, printers, etc.
  • Channels, which connect repositories, such as buses, cables, wireless links, etc. A Network is a set of logical or physical: an introduction to informatics in Organisations. ¹.
• The most common^{citation needed}. view of an information system is one of Input-Process-Output.

History of information systems

The study of information systems originated as a sub-discipline of computer science in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world. Börje Langefors introduced the concept of "Information Systems" at the third International Conference on Information Processing and Computer Science in New York in 1965. ²

Information technology is a very important malleable resource available to executives.³ Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa. The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), which focuses on information security within an organization, normally reports to the CIO.

Areas of work

Information Systems has a number of different areas of work:

• Information Systems Strategy
• Information Systems Management
• Information Systems Development

Each of which branches out into a number of sub disciplines, that overlap with other science and managerial disciplines such as computer science, pure and engineering sciences, social and behavioral sciences, and business management.

There are a wide variety of career paths in the information systems discipline. "Workers with specialized technical knowledge and strong communications skills will have the best prospects. People with management skills and an understanding of business practices and principles will have excellent opportunities, as companies are increasingly looking to technology to drive their revenue." ⁴

Information technology development

The IT Department partly governs the information technology development, use, application and influence on a business or corporation. A computer based information system, following a definition of Langefors⁵, is:

• a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions,
• as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions.

which can be formulated as a generalized information systems design mathematical program.

See also

References

Further reading

• Kroenke, David (2008). Using MIS - 2nd Edition.
• Lindsay, John (2000). Information Systems – Fundamentals and Issues. Kingston University, School of Information Systems
• Dostal, J. School information systems (Skolni informacni systemy). In Infotech 2007 - modern information and communication technology in education. Olomouc, EU: Votobia, 2007. s. 540 – 546. ISBN 978-80-7220-301-7.

External links

• Association for Information Systems (AIS)
• Center for Information Systems Research - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• European Research Center for Information Systems
• Information Systems Department, The George Washington University
• Information Systems Department, UMBC
• Information Systems and Innovation Group, Department of Management , London School of Economics
• Index of Information Systems Journals