Help:Table.html



	This is a copy of the master help page at Meta. Do not edit this copy. Edits will be lost in the next update from the master page. See below for more information.

This page gives you information about syntax to build wiki-tables in MediaWiki.

Spreadsheet to wiki table format

To convert from spreadsheets such as Gnumeric, MS Excel or OpenOffice.org Calc, go here.

Using the toolbar

You can use the Mediawiki edit toolbar to create tables on wikipedia, and some wikimedia projects. It is helpful to generate the necessary codings. However on many MediaWiki wikis (and by default) the table tool is not available. To Do: Link to enable Tables on MediaWikis.

Use the first button on the right of the toolbar to insert a table when editing a page.

By default, it includes the following text:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! header 1
! header 2
! header 3
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
| row 1, cell 3
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
| row 2, cell 3
|}

Pipe syntax tutorial

Although HTML table syntax also works, special wikicode can be used as a shortcut to create a table. The pipe (vertical bar) codes function exactly the same as HTML table markup, so a knowledge of HTML table code will help in understanding pipe code. The shortcuts are as follows:

• The entire table is encased with curly brackets and a vertical bar character (a pipe). So use {| to begin a table, and |} to end it. Each one needs to be on its own line:

{|
  table code goes here
|}

• An optional table caption is included with a line starting with a vertical bar and plus sign "|+" and the caption after it:

{|
|+ caption
  table code goes here
|}

• To start a new table row, type a vertical bar and a hyphen on its own line: "|-". The codes for the cells in that row will start on the next line.

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
  cell code goes here
|-
  cell code goes here
|}

• Type the codes for each table cell in the next row, starting with a bar:

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
| cell codes go here
|-
| cells in the next row go here
| more cells in the same row here
|}

• Cells can be separated with either a new line and new bar, or by a double bar "||" on the same line. Both produce the same output:

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
|Cell A 
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}

• If you use single bars, then what might appear to be the first cell is in fact a format modifier applied to the cell, and the rest of your "cells" will be merged into one:

{| border="1"
|-
|format modifier (not displayed)|These all |(including the pipes)|go into |the first cell
|-
|}

which is probably not what you want:

However, the format modifier is useful:

{| border="1"
|-
|Cell 1 (no modifier - not aligned)
|-
|align="right" |Cell 2 (right aligned)
|-
|}

Just remember: no more than 2 single pipes on a line!

• a row of column headings is identified by using "!" instead of "|", and using "!!" instead of "||". Header cells typically render differently from regular cells, depending on the browser. They are often rendered in a bold font and centered.

{|
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
|Cell A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}

• the first cell of a row is identified as row heading by starting the line with "!" instead of "|", and starting subsequent data cells on a new line.

{|
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1 
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A 
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}

• Optional parameters can modify the behavior of cells, rows, or the entire table. For instance, a border could be added to the table:

{| border="1"
|+ The table's caption
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|}

The final table would display like this:

The table's caption

Column heading 1	Column heading 2	Column heading 3
Row heading 1	Cell 2	Cell 3
Row heading A	Cell B	Cell C

The table parameters and cell parameters are the same as in HTML, see [1] and Table (HTML). However, the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki.

A table can be useful even if none of the cells have content. For example, the background colors of cells can be changed with cell parameters, making the table into a diagram, like m:Template talk:Square 8x8 pentomino examplehttp://meta.wikimedia.org/en/Template_talk:Square_8x8_pentomino_example. An "image" in the form of a table is much more convenient to edit than an uploaded image.

Each row must have the same number of cells as the other rows, so that the number of columns in the table remains consistent. For empty cells, use the non-breaking space   as content to ensure that the cells are displayed. To show a visible pipe in a cell, use <nowiki>|</nowiki> or &#124;.

With colspan and rowspan cells can span several columns or rows, see the Mélange example below. However, this has the disadvantage that sorting does not work properly anymore.

Examples

Simple example

Both of these generate the same output. Choose a style based on the number of cells in each row and the total text inside each cell.

Wiki markup

{| 
| A 
| B
|- 
| C
| D
|}

{| 
| A || B
|- 
| C || D 
|}

What it looks like in your browser

A	B
C	D

Multiplication table

Wiki markup

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

What it looks like in your browser (see: Help:User_style)

Multiplication table

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

Color; scope of parameters

Two ways of specifying color of text and background for a single cell are as follows. The first form is preferred:

Wiki markup

{| 
| style="background:red; color:white" | abc
| def
| bgcolor="red" | <font color="white"> ghi </font>
| jkl
|}

What it looks like in your browser

abc

def

ghi

jkl

Like other parameters, colors can also be specified for a whole row or the whole table; parameters for a row override the value for the table, and those for a cell override those for a row:

Wiki markup

{| style="background:yellow; color:green"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="background:red; color:white"
| jkl || mno || pqr
|-
| stu || style="background:silver" | vwx || yz
|}

What it looks like in your browser

abc	def	ghi
jkl	mno	pqr
stu	vwx	yz

To make the table blend in with the background, use style="background:none" or style="background:transparent". (Warning: style="background:inherit", does not work with some browsers, including IE6!)

See : style, background, list of colors, web colors

Width, height

The width and height of the whole table can be specified, as well as the height of a row. To specify the width of a column one can specify the width of an arbitrary cell in it. If the width is not specified for all columns, and/or the height is not specified for all rows, then there is some ambiguity, and the result depends on the browser.

Wiki markup

{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
|- 
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="height:100px" 
| jkl || style="width:200px" |mno || pqr
|-
| stu || vwx || yz
|}

What it looks like in your browser

abc	def	ghi
jkl	mno	pqr
stu	vwx	yz

Note that style="inline CSS" has no effect with some browsers. If compatibility is important, equivalent older constructs like width="75%" should work on more browsers.

Setting your column widths

If you wish to force column widths to your own requirements, rather than accepting the width of the widest text element in a column's cells, then follow this example. Note that wrap-around of text is forced.

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="50"|Name
!width="225"|Effect
!width="225"|Games Found In
|-
|Poké Ball || Regular Poké Ball || All Versions
|-
|Great Ball || Better than a Poké Ball || All Versions
|}

Name	Effect	Games Found In
Poké Ball	Regular Poké Ball	All Versions
Great Ball	Better than a Poké Ball	All Versions

To set column widths in a table without headers, specify the width in the first cell for each column, like this:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|width="100pt"|This column is 100 points wide
|width="200pt"|This column is 200 points wide
|width="300pt"|This column is 300 points wide
|-
|blah || blih || bluh
|}

This column is 100 points wide	This column is 200 points wide	This column is 300 points wide
blah	blih	bluh

One application of setting the widths is aligning columns of consecutive tables:

Vertical alignment

By default data in tables is vertically centrally aligned, which results in odd-looking layouts like this:

Row heading	A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.	A shorter piece of text.
Row heading	A longer piece of text.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.	A shorter piece of text.

To fix this, apply the valign="top" attribute to the rows (unfortunately it seems to be necessary to apply this individually to every single row). For example:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-valign="top"
|width="10%"|'''Row heading'''
|width="70%"|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum...
|width="20%"|A shorter piece of text.
|-valign="top"
|'''Row heading'''
|A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum... 
|A shorter piece of text.
|}

Row heading	A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.	A shorter piece of text.
Row heading	A longer piece of text.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.	A shorter piece of text.

Positioning

One can position the table itself, and all contents in a row, and contents in a cell, but not with a single parameter for all contents in the table, see m:Template talk:Table demo. Do not, under any circumstances, use "float" to position a table. It will break page rendering at large font sizes.

Mélange

Here's a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. Note however that with colspan and rowspan sorting does not work properly anymore.

You can play with these settings in your own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because you can add colored backgrounds, for example, doesn't mean it's always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in your tables relatively simple -- remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give you an idea of what is possible, though.

Wiki markup

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''An example table'''
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | First header
! colspan="2" style="background:#ffdead;" | Second header
|-
| upper left
|  
| rowspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" valign="top" |
right side
|-
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | lower left
| style="border-bottom:3px solid grey;" | lower middle
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" |
{| border="0"
|+''A table in a table''
|-
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
| align="center" width="150px" | [[Image:Wiki.png]]
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid red; border-right:1px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; border-left:1px solid red;" |
Two Wikimedia logos
|}
|}

What it looks like in your browser

An example table

First header	Second header
upper left		right side
lower left	lower middle
A table in a table Two Wikimedia logos

Floating table

Wiki markup

This paragraph is before the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

{| align="right" border="1"
| Col 1, row 1 
|rowspan="2"| Col 2, row 1 (and 2) 
| Col 3, row 1 
|- 
| Col 1, row 2 
| Col 3, row 2 
|}

Note the floating table to the right.   

This paragraph is after the table.  Lorem ipsum dolor sit
amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor
incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad
minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

What it looks like in your browser

This paragraph is before the table. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2		Col 3, row 2

Note the floating table to the right.

This paragraph is after the table. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation...

Nested tables

Five different (blue) tables are shown nested inside the cells of a table. Automatically the two tables |A| and |B|B| are vertically aligned instead of the usual side by side of text characters in a cell. "float" is used to fix each of tables |C| and |D| to their own position within one cell of the table. This may be used for charts and schemes. Nested tables must start on a new line.

Wiki markup

{| border="1"
| &alpha;
| align="center" | cell2
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;" <!-- The nested table must be on a new line -->
| NESTED
|-
| TABLE
|}
| valign="bottom" | the original table again
| style="width:100px;" |
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;;"
| A
|}
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF;"
| B || B
|}
| style="width:50px;" |
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:left;"
| C
|}
{| border="2" style="background:#ABCDEF; float:right;"
| D
|}
|}

What it looks like in your browser

α

cell2 NESTED TABLE

the original table again

A B B

C D

Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPAN

Wiki markup

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|-
| Column 1 || Column 2 || Column 3
|-
| rowspan="2"| A
| colspan="2" align="center"| B
|-
| C <!-- column 1 occupied by cell A -->
| D 
|-
| E
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center"| F
|- 
| G <!-- column 2+3 occupied by cell F -->
|- 
| colspan="3" align="center"| H
|}

What it looks like in your browser

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
A	B
	C	D
E	F
G
H

Note that using rowspan="2" for cell G combined with rowspan="3" for cell F to get another row below G and F won't work, because all (implicit) cells would be empty. Likewise complete columns are not displayed if all their cells are empty. Borders between non-empty and empty cells might be also not displayed (depending on the browser), use   to fill an empty cell with dummy content.

Centering tables

Centered tables can be achieved, but they will not "float"; that is to say, no text will appear to either side. The trick is {| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"

Wiki markup

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ '''Cells left-aligned, table centered'''
! Duis || aute || irure
|-
| dolor  || in reprehenderit || in voluptate velit
|-
| esse cillum dolore || eu fugiat nulla || pariatur.
|}

What it looks like in your browser

Cells left-aligned, table centered

Duis	aute	irure
dolor	in reprehenderit	in voluptate velit
esse cillum dolore	eu fugiat nulla	pariatur.

Setting parameters

At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example width="300"| will set that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one.

Wiki markup

{| style="color:white"
|-
| bgcolor="red"|cell1 || width="300" bgcolor="blue"|cell2 || bgcolor="green"|cell3
|}

What it looks like in your browser

cell1

cell2

cell3

Decimal point alignment

A method to get columns of numbers aligned at the decimal point is as follows:

Wiki markup

{| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
|align="right"| 432 || .1
|-
|align="right"| 43 || .21
|-
|align="right"| 4 || .321
|}

What it looks like in your browser

432	.1
43	.21
4	.321

If the column of numbers appears in a table with cell padding or cell spacing, one can still align the decimal points without an unsightly gap in the middle. Embed a table in each number's cell and specify its column widths. Make the embedded tables' column widths the same for each cell in the column. (If decimal points are still misaligned using this method, the main table's column may be too narrow. Add a parameter to increase the column's width.)

Wiki markup

{|border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 432 ||width="50%"| .1
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 43 ||width="50%"| .21
|}
|-
|
{|cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|align="right" width="50%"| 4 ||width="50%"| .321
|}
|}

What it looks like in your browser

432 .1

43 .21

4 .321

In simple cases one can dispense with the table feature and simply start the lines with a space, and put spaces to position the numbers:

432.1
 43.21
  4.321

Style classes

See also Help:User style.

In the first line of table code, after the "{|", instead of specifying a style directly one can also specify a CSS class. The style for this class can be specified in various ways:

• in the software itself, per skin (for example the class sortable)
• collectively for all users of one wiki in MediaWiki:Common.css (for example, on this and some other projects there is the class wikitable)
• separately per skin in MediaWiki:Monobook.css etc.
• individually on one wiki in a user subpage
• individually, but jointly for tables of the class concerned on all web pages, on the local computer of the user.

Instead of remembering table parameters, you just include an appropriate style class after the {|. This helps keep table formatting consistent, and can allow a single change to the class to fix a problem or enhance the look of all the tables that are using it at once. For instance, this:

simply by replacing inline CSS for the table by class="wikitable". This is because the wikitable class in MediaWiki:Common.css contains a number of table.wikitable CSS style rules. These are all applied at once when you mark a table with the class. You can then add additional style rules if desired. These override the class's rules, allowing you to use the class style as a base and build up on it:

Wiki markup

{| class="wikitable" style="font-style:italic; font-size:120%; border:3px dashed red;"
|+Multiplication table
|-
! × !! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

What it looks like in your browser

Multiplication table

×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

Notice that the table retains the gray background of the wikitable class, and the headers are still bold and centered. But now the text formatting has been overridden by the local style statement; all of the text in the table has been made italic and 120% normal size, and the wikitable border has been replaced by the red dashed border.

Of course this works only for browsers supporting inline CSS, if it's important use XHTML markup like <big> instead of "font-size:120%", or Wiki markup like ''text'' instead of "font-style:italic".

Sorting

Tables can be made sortable by adding class="sortable"; for details see Help:Sorting. Since this can be very useful, it is wise to keep the possibilities and limitations of this feature in mind when designing a table. For example:

• Do not divide a table into sections by subheaders spanning several rows. Instead, an extra column can be made showing the content of these headers on each row, in a short form.
• Do not have elements spanning several columns; instead, again, repeat the content on each row, in a short form.
• In a column of numbers, do not put text such as "ca." in front of a number-it will sort like zero. Do not put text after the number, and do not put a range of numbers (it does not affect the sorting position for numeric sorting mode, and in the case of a range, the first number determines the position, but if, possibly after sorting this or another column, the element is at the top, it will induce alphabetic sorting mode). Instead, put these texts in a separate column. Alternatively, for the greatest flexibility, alphabetic sorting mode with hidden sortkeys can be used.

A long form of abbreviated content can be put as legend outside the table.

Wiki markup

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Sortable table
|-
! Alphabetic !! Numeric !! Date !! class="unsortable" | Unsortable
|-
| d || 2 || 2008-11-24 || This
|-
| b || 8 || 2004-03-01 || column
|-
| a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot
|-
| c || 4 || 1492-12-08 || be
|-
| e || 0 || 1601-08-13 || sorted.
|}

What it looks like in your browser

Sortable table

Alphabetic	Numeric	Date	Unsortable
d	2	2008-11-24	This
b	8	2004-03-01	column
a	6	1979-07-23	cannot
c	4	1492-12-08	be
e	0	1601-08-13	sorted.

Row template

Regardless of whether wikitable format or HTML is used, the wikitext of the rows within a table, and sometimes even within a collection of tables, has much in common, e.g.:

• the basic code for a table row
• code for color, alignment, and sorting mode
• fixed texts such as units
• special formats for sorting

In that case it can be useful to create a template that produces the syntax for a table row, with the data as parameters. This can have many advantages:

• easily changing the order of columns, or removing a column
• easily adding a new column if many elements of the new column are left blank (if the column is inserted and the existing fields are unnamed, use a named parameter for the new field to avoid adding blank parameter values to many template calls)
• computing fields from other fields, e.g. population density from population and area
• duplicating content and providing span tags with "display:none" for the purpose of having one format for sorting and another for display
• easy specification of a format for a whole column, such as color and alignment

Example:

Using m:help:table/example row template (talk, backlinks, )

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! a
! b
! a/b
{{help:table/example row template|  50|200}}
{{help:table/example row template|   8| 11}}
{{help:table/example row template|1000| 81}}
|}

gives:

Conditional table row

For a conditional row in a table, we can have:

{| class=wikitable
  {{ #if:1|{{!}}-                     <!-- Row one will be shown because the '1' evaluates to TRUE -->
             !  row one, column one 
           {{!}}row one, column two}} <!-- {{!}}'s get evaluated to the pipe character '|', i.e. template:! just contains '|' -->
  {{ #if: |{{!}}-                     <!-- Row two NOT shown because the space between the ':' and the '|' evaluates to FALSE  -->
             !  row two, column one 
           {{!}}row two, column two}}
  |-                                  <!-- Row three will be shown -->
             ! row three, column one
             | row three, column two
|}

Which gives the following table: (note how the second row is missing)

Other table syntax

Other types of table syntax that MediaWiki supports:

1. XHTML
2. HTML & wiki-<td> syntax (Do not use)

All three are supported by MediaWiki and create (currently) valid HTML output, but the pipe syntax is the simplest. Also, HTML & wiki-<td> syntax (i.e., unclosed <td> and <tr> tags) will not necessarily remain browser-supported in the upcoming future, especially on handheld internet-accessible devices.

See also Table (HTML), HTML element#Tables. Note however that the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki.

Comparison of table syntax

{|
|}

|+ caption

|-

| cell1
| cell2

| cell1 || cell2 || cell3

! heading

<table>
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td> 
      <td>4</td> 
   </tr>
</table>

<table>
   <tr>
      <td> 1 <td> 2
   <tr>
      <td> 3 <td> 4
</table>

{| 
| 1 || 2
|- 
| 3 || 4
|}

<table>
   <tr>
      <td>1</td>
      <td>2</td>
   </tr> 
   <tr>
      <td>3</td>
      <td>4</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
      <td>5</td>
      <td>6</td>
   </tr>
</table>

<table>
   <tr>
      <td> 1 <td> 2
   <tr>
      <td> 3 <td> 4
   <tr>
      <td> 5 <td> 6
</table>

{| 
| 1 || 2 
|- 
| 3 || 4 
|- 
| 5 || 6 
|}

See also Template talk:For#Tables.

Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML produced

The pipe syntax, developed by Magnus Manske, substitutes pipes (|) for HTML. There is an on-line script which converts html tables to pipe syntax tables.

The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using || to separate cells on a single line. The parameters are optional.

Tables

A table is defined by {| ''params'' |} which equals <table ''params''>Insert non-formatted text here </table>

Rows

<tr> tags will be generated automatically for the first row. To start a new row, use

|-

which results in

<tr>

Parameters can be added like this:

|- params

which results in

<tr params>

Note:

• <tr> tags will be automatically opened at the first <td> equivalent
• <tr> tags will be automatically closed at <tr> and </table> equivalents

Cells

Cells are generated either like this:

|cell1
|cell2
|cell3

or like this:

|cell1||cell2||cell3

which both equal

<td>cell1</td><td>cell2</td><td>cell3</td>

so "||" equals "newline" + "|"

Parameters in cells can be used like this:

|params|cell1||params|cell2||params|cell3

which will result in

<td params>cell1</td>
<td params>cell2</td>
<td params>cell3</td>

Headers

Functions the same way as TD, except "!" is used instead of the opening "|". "!!" can be used instead of "||". Parameters still use "|", though! Example:

!params|cell1

Captions

A <caption> tag is created by

|+ Caption

which generates

<caption>Caption</caption>

You can also use parameters:

|+ params|Caption

which will generate

<caption params>Caption</caption>

Displaying the table code which generates a table

The code for a simple wiki markup table inside a Code box can be seen below.

{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}

Above code produces/displays the table below:

Computer
Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz

Below code, generated and displayed the above table's Code box code itself, on the screen and web page, inside a blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box.

<pre>
{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz
|}
</pre>

Note that, HTML tag <pre> was used to achieve displaying the above codes and the Code box.

Other alternatives to display table code

In most cases, when a code line is longer than the web browser window's width, then a scrolling bar appears at bottom, to let the viewer slide to the right side (and also left side) to see the rest of the codes, because, the use of <pre> tag causes the code line to remain intact, unless an EOL (CR/LF) hidden character is reached in that text line. But having to slide or scroll to the right or left for viewing the full codes is often not comfortable to many readers. To solve such problem, using the <p>, <tt> and <br /> HTML tags, are better than using the <pre> tag, as those will limit the length of a line of code according the available space in the web browser's window and therefor will not result in the need to move the scroll-bar right (or left) for viewing. By placing the codes inside the <tt>...</tt> HTML tags, codes are displayed with a fixed width text/font, (like the <pre> tag uses) for easier reading. HTML tag <br /> is used to display (or bring) next line of codes, starting from the next line. HTML tag <p> along with its CSS style properties, is used to create the blue colored dashed bordered rectangular box (Code box) around the codes, (like the HTML <pre> tag, which gets these properties from the main.css stylesheet file).

An example of table code with a long line is:

{| border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2"
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:gnome-system.png]]
|-
! Computer
|-
| style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" | Processor Speed: <span style="color: white;"> 1.8 GHz </span>
|}

producing the below table:

Computer
Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz

Code box above the table has the auto line wrapping feature enabled. Note the long line (the sixth line from top) inside the codes, which is wrapped inside the Code box. This Code box and the codes, can be displayed by using below codes in the edit box.

<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt>
<nowiki>{|</nowiki> border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" <br />
| style="text-align: center;" | <nowiki>[</nowiki>Image:gnome-system.png]] <br />
|- <br />
! Computer <br />
|- <br />
| style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" | Processor Speed: <nowiki><span style="color: white;"></nowiki> 1.8 GHz <nowiki></span></nowiki> <br />
<nowiki>|}</nowiki> <br />
</tt> </p>

See the above codes, note that, <nowiki>...</nowiki> tags were used to disable wiki markup codes for beginning a table ({|), ending a table (|}), start of an image displaying ([), or a hyperlink, etc. All wiki & HTML markup codes need to be disabled by enclosing them inside the <nowiki>...</nowiki> tags. If these codes were to be displayed inside another table, then, each | (pipe) & ! (Exclamation mark) symbol also needed to be enclosed inside the <nowiki> tags. Note that, the longer line is automatically wrapped according to the width of the web browser's window, inside the Code box.

Alternatively, we can replace each | (pipe symbol) character with &#124; (HTML decimal entity code), replace each ! (exclamation mark) with &#33; code, replace { (beginning curly/second bracket) with &#123; and we may replace } (closing curly/second bracket) with &#125; code. Also replace the < (less than sign, or beginning angle bracket) with &#60; numeric entity code or, replace it with &lt; (HTML symbol entity code). For more on HTML decimal or hexadecimal numeric entity codes, please see w:Windows Alt codes. To display the wiki image markup code, we should replace the (beginning square/third bracket) with &#91; and we may replace (closing square/third bracket) with &#93;. When we are replacing characters with their numeric enitity codes, we are actually disabling their normal functionality, so we can display them on the web page(s).

By using the numeric entity codes, mentioned in the above paragraph, below codes can display the above Code box in another alternative (better) way. Note that, the longer line is automatically wrapped, without exceeding the browser window's width, inside the below Code box.

Computer Processor Speed: 1.8 GHz

<p style="padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #2f6fab; color: Black; background-color: #f9f9f9; line-height: 1.1em;"> <tt>
&#123;&#124; border="5" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" <br />
&#124; style="text-align: center;" &#124; &#91;&#91;Image:gnome-system.png]] <br />
&#124;- <br />
&#33; Computer <br />
&#124;- <br />
&#124; style="color: yellow; background-color: green;" &#124; Processor Speed: &#60;span style="color: red;"> 1.8 GHz &#60;/span> <br />
&#124;&#125; <br />
</tt> </p>

See also disabling wikitext interpretation and/or reformatting.

Square monitors

To format for a square monitor or window, use a tape measure. Determine the height of your rectangular screen. Using that figure measure under the screen to determine the width your monitor’s screen would be if it were square. Mark that location using ink or tape under the screen. Drag the side of your browser’s window to that location so the window is square based on accurate measurements. Square monitors and reading windows are not able to contain tables and galleries made for rectangular and wide screens. When a table or gallery is wider than the monitor, it makes every line of text wider than the screen as well. The px amounts of the following gallery were determined after measuring the window to make sure it was square:

Type this:

<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Various window shades]]
||
[[Image:Vert-blinds-2145-rs.jpg|192px x 170px|thumb|left|Vertical blinds]]
||
[[Image:Gardine.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|This is not a blind]]
|}
</center>
<br />
<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Vorhang.jpg|192px x 155px|thumb|left|Solid shade]]
||
[[Image:Jalousie-1.jpg|328px x 55px|thumb|left|Horizonal blinds]]
|}
</center>
<br />
<center>
{| border="0" style="background:transparent;"
|-
|
[[Image:Some_window_blinds.JPG|225px|thumb|left|Shade, shutters; vertical & horizontal blinds.]]
||
[[Image:Miniblinds detail of mechanism.jpg|418px|thumb|left|Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblinds]]
|}
</center>

For this:

Various window shades

Vertical blinds

This is not a blind

Solid shade

Horizonal blinds

Shade, shutters; vertical & horizontal blinds.

Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblinds

Wikipedia-specific help

[ This section is local to Wikipedia, in Template:Ph:Table. ]

Wikitable as image gallery

A wikitable can be used to display side-by-side images, in the manner of an image gallery (formatted by "<gallery>"), but with larger images and less vacant area around photos.

A simple framed gallery can be formatted using class="wikitable" to generate the minimal thin-lines around images/photos within the table:

 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |<!--column1-->[[Image:Worms 01.jpg|265px]]
 |<!--column2-->[[Image:Worms Wappen 2005-05-27.jpg|235px]]
 |-
 |<!--column1-->Nibelungen Bridge to Worms<br/>across the [[Rhine]]
 |<!--column2-->Worms and its sister cities
 |}<!--end wikitable-->

Note the result below (with thin-lined cells):

Nibelungen Bridge to Worms across the Rhine	Worms and its sister cities

Another issue about the standard "<gallery>" tag, in 2007, was that it put 4 images per line, overrunning the right margin of a wiki article, unless the gallery was stopped at 3 images. However, a wikitable uses typical image-links with sizes, such as "[[Image:XXX.jpg|130px]]" so 4 images could be displayed on a wikitable line within a 600px width (for 800x600 resolution screens).

 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |<!--col1-->[[Image:Worms 01.jpg|130px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[Image:Worms Wappen 2005-05-27.jpg|125px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[Image:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|125px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[Image:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|125px]]
 |-
 |<!--col1-->Nibelungen Bridge to Worms
 |<!--col2-->Worms and its sister cities
 |<!--col3-->Statue of Liberty
 |<!--col4-->New York City
 |}<!--end wikitable-->

Nibelungen Bridge to Worms	Worms and its sister cities	Statue of Liberty	New York City

Another advantage about wikitable images, compared to "<gallery>" formatting, is the ability to "square" each image when similar heights are needed, so consider putting 2-number image sizes (such as "199x95px"), where the 2nd number limits height:

 {| class=wikitable
 |-
 |<!--col1-->[[Image:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|199x95px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[Image:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|199x95px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[Image:Gold star on blue.gif|199x95px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[Image:Worms 01.jpg|100x95px]]<!--smaller-->
 |-
 |<!--col1-->Statue of Liberty
 |<!--col2-->New York City
 |<!--col3-->Star on blue
 |<!--col4-->Bridge to Worms
 |}<!--end wikitable-->

Note the 3 images sized "199x95px" appear identical height, of 95px (4th image purposely smaller). The "95px" forces height, while "199x" fits the various widths (could even be "999x"):

Statue of Liberty	New York City	Star on blue	Bridge to Worms

Therefore, the use of size "199x95px" (or "999x95px") produces the auto-height-sizing beyond the "<gallery>" tag, and with the option to set taller thumbnails ("199x105px"), or even to have some images purposely smaller than other images of "95px" height. A very short height ("70px") allows many more images across the table:

 {| class=wikitable
 |-
 |<!--col1-->[[Image:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|199x70px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[Image:Gold star on blue.gif|199x70px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[Image:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|199x70px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[Image:Gold star on deep red.gif|199x70px]]
 |<!--col5-->[[Image:Worms 01.jpg|199x70px]]<!--same height-->
 |<!--col6-->[[Image:Gold star on blue.gif|199x70px]]
 |}

The above wikitable-coding produces the result below, of 6 columns:

Once images have been placed in a wikitable, control of formatting can be adjusted when more images are added.

Shifting/centering

Images within a wikitable can be shifted by inserting non-breaking spaces ("&nbsp;") before or after the image-link ("&nbsp;[[Image:]]"). However, auto-centering simply requires use of center-tags to be placed around an image-link for centering in a cell ("<center>[[Image:..]]</center>").

In the example below, note how Col2 uses <center>, but Col3 uses "&nbsp;":

 {| class=wikitable
 |-
 |<!--Col1-->[[Image:Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg|299x125px]]
 |<!--Col2--><center>[[Image:Utrecht 003.jpg|299x125px]]</center>
 |<!--Col3-->&nbsp;[[Image:Uitzicht--Domtoren.jpg|299x125px]]&nbsp;
 |-
 |<!--Col1-->Dom tower from Brigittenstraat
 |<!--Col2-->Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church
 |<!--Col3-->&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>View from bell tower</small>
 |}

The above coding generates the table below: note the middle garden image is centered (but not the left image), and the right image has 2 spaces before "  View...":

Dom tower from Brigittenstraat	Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church	View from bell tower

Also note that tag "<small>" made a smaller text-size caption.

Speed/transfer rates

Sometimes, the larger wikitable images are much faster (3x-8x faster) than formatting the smaller <gallery> images, contrary to the notion that "smaller images should use less data" (not always true). It is not easy to predict why wikitables (with larger images) are so much faster: perhaps older gallery images were thumbnailed as larger data-blocks, but when reformatted as larger images for a wikitable, the new (larger) thumbnails become 3x-8x more streamlined, so 3x-8x faster in data transfer than <gallery> images.

However, actual transfer/display speeds depend on the individual files. In October 2007, PNG-format files often stored as 5%-10% slightly smaller than equivalent GIF files, but upon wiki-thumbnailing, the PNG files were converted to massive high-resolution form, where a PNG-format image became a gargantuan data file, often 9x-21x times heavier (more data) than a similar JPEG thumbnail. However, even the quick JPEG photo images might become another 3x-8x faster in a wikitable, rather than as <gallery> images.

Utrecht Cathedral

In this gallery, the left 120x90 thumbnail has file-size: 43925b, ~8x slower than the larger wikitable image above, 167x125 with file-size 5693 bytes. Garden image is 22823b v. 8175b in the wikitable (data sizes Jan. 2008).

Utrecht garden

Transfer display speeds are difficult to predict, so beware standardizing any image format as better or "faster" than another. Whereas a trimmed, full-size PNG file might display 10% faster than a full-size GIF file, the thumbnailed PNG was typically 4x slower than GIF thumbnails, while PNG was 9x-21x times slower than JPEG thumbnails.

The most important issue is that wikitable-images can be larger, clearer than <gallery> images, more important than some wikitable images being 3x-8x faster than the smaller gallery images.

[ End of Wikipedia section, from Template:Ph:Table. ]

This page is a copy of the master help page at Meta (for general help information all Wikimedia projects can use), with two Wikipedia-specific templates inserted. To update the main text, edit the master help page for all projects at m:Help:Table. For Wikipedia-specific issues, use Template:Ph:Table (the extra text at the bottom of this page) or Template:Phh:Table for a Wikipedia-specific lead (text appears at the top of this page). You are welcome to replace the full wikitext of this page with that of the master page at Meta at any time. To view this page in other languages see the master page at Meta.

See also

• m:simplified table syntax
• m:wiki markup tables
• m:table background colors
• w:en:User:Dcljr/Tables
• w:Table (HTML)
• Help:Template#A_parameter_value_containing_a_pipe_character
• w:Category:Table and column templates
• examples:
  • Chess board
  • Go board
  • Monopoly board
  • Square 8x8 pentomino example

External links

• de:Wikipedia:Helferlein/VBA-Macro for EXCEL tableconversion published in German-Wikipediaproject (english instructions included)
• HTML tables to wiki converter at cnic.org
• csv2wp - converts comma-separated values (CSV) format to pipe syntax. You may use this to import tables from Excel etc. (more information)
• HTML tables to wiki converter at uni-bonn.de
• HTML tables to wiki converter at diberri.dyndns.org
• pywikipediabot (can convert HTML tables to wiki)
• HTML-WikiConverter. Various versions and languages.
• Making Wiki Tables  : Descriptive with good examples
• Wiki and HTML Tables Ready to Use  : A selection of tables and their Wiki/HTML code